Efeito agudo do exercício aeróbico nos níveis glícemicos no diabético tipo 1

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease; it is characterized as a metabolism syndrome of the carbohydrate, protein and lipids. Type 1 Diabetes (DT1) is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys the beta cells in the pancreas leading to an insulin production deficiency. The treatment of the DT1 patient includes diary insulin applications, a rigorous dietary control, glycemic levels monitoring and exercise practice. Exercise has several benefits to DT1 patient such as insulin sensitivity enhancement and a better muscle capillary. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on glycemic levels of a DT1 patient. The training program was composed of 10 sessions. Exercise intensity was ~60-80%FCres that was measured by a heart rate monitor and by perceived exertion (every 3-min during each session). Glycemic levels were measured pre and post exercise session. Data were analyzed by excel program, by comparing glycemic levels between measurements time-points: before exercise, immediately post exercise, and 1 and 2 hours post exercise. These values were used to calculate the relative differences between measurements. The anthropometric measurements indicated participant has normal body weight with a low health risk. Cardiorespiratory test estimated a VO2max of 40,95 ml/kg/min, classifying as low fitness level (40th percentile). The results shown three tendencies related to the effect of exercise on glycemic levels post exercise: 1) glycemic reduced immediately post exercise (IPE ~40%), and it stabilized 1 and 2 hours after the session; 2) glycemic reduced IPE (~50%), and it reduced 1 and 2 hours after the session in 10-20%; and 3) glycemic reduced IPE (36-68%) and 1 and 2 hours after it occurred a elevation that indicate the rebound effect. Therefore, it is concluded that acute effect of aerobic training can contribute to DT1 treatment reducing the need of insulin utilization and improving quality of life. However, chronic effects could not be analyzed due to an injury suffered by the patient during his habitual activities (not during the exercise proposed).