Diversidade genética e morfológica de populações de feijão crioulo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

The bean crop is very important in agriculture and Brazilian cuisine. In recent years, there is a reduction of the genetic basis of the common bean cultivars. Thus, it becomes important to recover and characterize the local varieties of beans, so that they can be used in current breeding programs of beans. The aim of this study was to characterize morphologically and describe the genetic diversity of 17 populations of beans creole, belonging to the Germplasm Bank of UTFPR Campus Pato Branco. The experiment was conducted in the off-season of 2014, the city of Pato Branco - PR in a randomized block design with three replications qualitative and quantitative traits were evaluated. The analysis of the quantitative data showed great variability among populations. We used a multivariate analysis to measure the genetic divergence. The relative contribution of each character to the formation of groups was estimated based on Singh (1981), in which it was observed that the characters that contributed were those linked to the morphology of seeds and crop cycle, and the productivity character that contributed less in the groups. The dendrogram was drawn based on the Mahalanobis distance, in which it was observed that populations with seeds with the same color can be genetically quite different from each other. Also observed in the dendrogram a clear grouping of populations as the thousand seed weight and seed length. Data analysis using the technique of canonical variables allowed grouping the populations into different groups, on which one can infer that the most promising crosses would BGF 48 X BGF 23 and BGF 48 X BGF 99.