Avaliação da disponibilidade de dados de resíduos sólidos da construção civil no Brasil para auxiliar a avaliação do ciclo de vida

Abstract

The CDW (Construction and Demolition Waste) are great causer of harm to the environment. In Brazil these wastes cause deposition problems in public roads, riverbeds and illegal landfills, causing problems like siltation of rivers, floods and proliferation of vectors of disease. The implementation, in Brazil, of a systemic evaluation existing since the decade of 60, the life cycle assessment (LCA). The production of construction materials cause environmental impacts in all life cycle. It is certain that there are no materials environmentally perfects, i.e. that do not damage the environment. But if tools based on quantification of matter and energy flow established for each product throughout its life cycle are applied, since the extraction to final disposal, there will be subsidy to take more adequate choices about how impactful the materials chosen for such building will be. The study presented, the utilization of aggregate recycled materials in new construction materials due to the fact that these present a better performance in the LCA as found through the BEES software and furthermore the finding that buildings lateral closure materials generate a large quantity of waste. From these data, a methodology was developed to get to a final conclusion that consisted in: i)Construction typologies analysis throughout Brazil, with the technology diffusion for low cost habitation program the Technological Village was created, that way we obtained a overview of various existing construction typologies in the country and classification of construction waste to define the materials that are going to be analyzed to data collection verification; ii)Analysis of 5 authors (Pinto, 1989; Soibelman, 1993; Pichi, 1993; Levy, & Helene, 1997; Nobrega 2002); iii)Analysis of data availability through state bodies data; iv)Analysis of data availability through Associations and unions; The study demonstrates the lack of synthesised data for the LCA in therms of construction waste in Brazil and the barriers that hamper the operation of a CDW life cycle evaluation in Brazil.