Caracterização dos fitólitos das espécies nativas de Arecaceae do município de Campo Mourão, Paraná

Abstract

Opal phytoliths are micrometer bodies that plants accumulate between their tissues throughout their life and at the wither, lay on the ground. These bodies are deposed on sediments and create a support base for paleoenvironmental studies. For these is necessary to create a tape library support, to aid in the description of the study area. The municipality of Campo Mourão, Paraná, is located in a transition area of vegetation types, Cerrado sensu strictu, Estacional Semidecidual e Ombrófila Mista. This causes it to be an important point in paleoenvironmental analysis of the region. Thus, the creation of a tape library support is needed to assist future researchers. The species of the Arecaceae family are very widespread in Brazil, dominating several vegetation types are also good and is producing phytoliths. n the city there are seven species of palms, Allagoptera campestris (Drude) O. Kuntze, Acrocomia hassleri (Barb.Rodr.) W.J.Hahn, Butia microspadix Burret, Butia paraguayensis (Barb. Rodr.) L. H. Bailey, Euterpe edulis Mart., Geonoma schottiana (Mart.) Drude e Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman. The species were collected, divided into bract stalk, leaflets, the leaf rachis, ráquila and rachis of the inflorescence. Have undergone chemical treatment with 1:4 HNO3 nitric acid and sulfuric acid H2SO4 sheet heated for 3 hours at 90 ° C. The samples were centrifuged with water to remove the acid solution and then placed in slides. Was counted a total of 1200 phytoliths per sample, showing the morphotype Globular echinate as characteristic for this species. Later this morphotype was analyzed as to its diameter larger and smaller, eccentricity and number of thorns. The eccentricity of the species was compared by using analysis of variance, ANOVA. Despite significant differences in each other, the species are not easily distinguished in the sediment, requiring the connection between all the dimensions analyzed. A. hassleri presents G. echinate more rounded, approximately 0.8, though small in size, about 11μm, being the most different species. Butia species differed only by the size of the largest diameter and B. paraguayensis is on average greater than 30 microns B. microspadix. G. schottiana differs from other species in the number of spines, with about 50 spikes per phytolith. The values of eccentricity E. edulis are very close to those of B. paraguayensis but differ by the number of spines, 39 and 28 respectively. The species S. romanzoffiana showed an average of 20 spikes, 32 mm in diameter.