Avaliação hidroquímica dos sistemas Aquíferos Guarani e Serra Geral nos municípios de Cambé, Ibiporã, Londrina e Tamarama

Abstract

The groundwaters generally present good quality because it is naturally filtered by the porosity of the geological formations. It can reach the subsoil saturated zones and be stored in aquifers. As water is a very reactive substance, while infiltrating the soil it can dissolve constituents that are presented in geological formations, thus, groundwater are often considered rich in minerals. Among other advantages, such as good availability, the use of groundwater is an important alternative to sanitation and water supply demands. In the city of Londrina – PR and its metropolitan area, it is predominated the uptake of groundwater from the Serra Geral Aquifer System (SGAS), followed by the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS), which is confined in the area. In order to determine the hydrochemical pattern related to the ionic compounds dissolved in the groundwater that supply the municipalities of Cambé, Ibiporã, Londrina and Tamarana, a database of wells which capture water from the SGAS and GAS, used to supply water for those municipalities, was created. From the information obtained, it elaborated Piper and Stiff Diagrams, which allow the hydrochemical classification of water. It was found that in the study area, the waters are divided into classes ofcalcic/magnesian bicarbonate, characteristic of SGAS waters and sodic bicarbonate characteristic of GAS water. It was verified that in the study area, waters from wells of GAS presented characteristics from SGAS waters and also the contrary, which may point interconnection of aquifers in the resulting localities. After performing spatial analysis on the concentration of ionic compounds that were predominant in the analysis, it was found that sodium concentration and total alkalinity increased from South to North and from East to West, where there is a higher level of containment, which is proportional to the dissolution and ion exchange occurring in the aquifer.