Análise de fragilidade ambiental com técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto aplicadas aos municípios de Petrópolis e Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The use and occupation of the soil in an unplanned way destabilizes the environmental balance. It is important to check whether the existing natural resources are limiting factors for the use and occupation of a place, since the anthropogenic modification in areas with specific physical characteristics of slope and soil type, can lead to the the occurrence of serious issues, such as landslides. To reduce possible negative consequences of landslides it is necessary that the urban land planning is done and based on technical studies, for example of environmental fragility. These studies, through integrated analysis of environmental variables, identify which areas have higher probability of occurrence of landslides. This study aimed to identify the areas of greatest environmental fragility in the cities of Petropolis and Teresopolis, because of their constantly problems with landslide. The study involved the analysis of environmental parameters (slope, soil type and type of land cover) and techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing. The proposal of this work was to use two models of multi-criteria analysis (Boolean and fuzzy), to verify which of these approaches would be more effective to determine the areas of greatest fragility. It was concluded that the fuzzy approach generated best results than boolean on and the use of geotechnologies are powerful tools for studies like these.