Avaliação das metodologias de higienização de hortaliças in natura empregadas pela população de Medianeira-Pr, utilizando alfaces (lactuca sativa) de diferentes fontes de adubação.

Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most leafy vegetables sold in Brazil, the vegetables, especially those eaten raw, they need to be pure and healthy. The cultivation of vegetables is practiced in a traditional and organic way. The types of fertilizer used in traditional farming are organic and chemist; the chemical fertilizer is made by using chemical fertilizers and for the organic fertilizer is by the use of waste. The vegetables are considered vehicles of pathogenic microorganisms, so it is important to adopt measures which improve the quality of these products. Among the best known hygiene procedures are the domestic washing of vegetables, so we developed a survey to identify the methodology of washing fresh vegetables used by the population of Medianeira - PR and evaluate them by microbiological and parasitological analysis of lettuce in different sources of fertilizer. We developed a questionnaire with socio-economic data, frequency of eating and general knowledge questions about fresh vegetables. The vegetables more consumed was the lettuce with 79%, 74% of the respondents said that they consumed fresh vegetables at least once a day, 74% of the respondents know some beneficial effect of the consumption of fresh vegetables, only running water is the majority washing method used representing 48%, followed by vinegar and bleach, the concentration of sanitizer most used was 1 tablespoon / litter of water for both bleach and vinegar, being that 73% of the respondents wait for 1 minute, 38% of respondents know some forms of disease transmitted by bad sanitized vegetables while 62% do not know forms any disease transmitted by bad sanitized vegetables. The lettuce samples were collected in two separate weeks, with an interval of 21 days between them, directly from the producer. It was defined as the sample unit for all methods of fertilization the amount of three lettuce plants regardless of the weight or the size presented, leafless and homogenized, taking off the spoiled leaves of three types of fertilizer: Beef, Poultry bed and barn, which were treated as follows: (BT) received from the producer without any change (AC) rinsed in running water from the city water supply system. (AA) commercial vinegar solution 5.51 g / L for 1 minute (HS) commercial bleach solution 5.75 g / L for 1 minute. From the samples evaluated, 91.6% of the samples were contaminated with a parasite while 8.3% were not contaminated, and this percentage refers to the lettuce samples treated by commercial bleach solution, only on the second repetition. For Coliforms at 45 ° C 100% of the samples shown bacteria counts within the standards established in legislation, however 29.17% of the samples showed the presence of Salmonella sp. at non compliance with the legislation. The most effective method was the treatment with commercial bleach, being 100% effective for all types of fertilizer