Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: Description and Importance in Food

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MetadadosDescriçãoIdioma
Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)-
Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)-
Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-
Autor(es): dc.creatorCieza, Mirian Yuliza Rubio-
Autor(es): dc.creatorBonsaglia, Erika Carolina Romão-
Autor(es): dc.creatorRall, Vera Lucia Mores-
Autor(es): dc.creatorSantos, Marcos Veiga dos-
Autor(es): dc.creatorSilva, Nathália Cristina Cirone-
Data de aceite: dc.date.accessioned2025-08-21T23:26:22Z-
Data de disponibilização: dc.date.available2025-08-21T23:26:22Z-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2025-04-29-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2024-08-01-
Fonte completa do material: dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080676-
Fonte completa do material: dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/304796-
Fonte: dc.identifier.urihttp://educapes.capes.gov.br/handle/11449/304796-
Descrição: dc.descriptionStaphylococcus aureus stands out as one of the most virulent pathogens in the genus Staphylococcus. This characteristic is due to its ability to produce a wide variety of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and exotoxins, which in turn can cause staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), clinical syndromes such as skin infections, inflammation, pneumonia, and sepsis, in addition to being associated with the development of inflammation in the mammary glands of dairy cattle, which results in chronic mastitis and cell necrosis. SEs are small globular proteins that combine superantigenic and emetic activities; they are resistant to heat, low temperatures, and proteolytic enzymes and are tolerant to a wide pH range. More than 24 SE genes have been well described (SEA-SEE, SEG, SEH, SEI, SEJ, SElK, SElL, SElM, SElN, SElO, SElP, SElQ, SElR, SElS, SElT, SElU, SElV, SElW, SElX, SElY, and SElZ), being a part of different SFP outbreaks, clinical cases, and isolated animal strains. In recent years, new genes (sel26, sel27, sel28, sel31, sel32, and sel33) from SEs have been described, as well as two variants (seh-2p and ses-3p) resulting in a total of thirty-three genes from Ses, including the nine variants that are still in the process of genetic and molecular structure evaluation. SEs are encoded by genes that are located in mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, prophages, pathogenicity islands, and the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc), and housed in the genomic island of S. aureus. Both classical SEs and SE-like toxins (SEls) share phylogenetic relationships, structure, function, and sequence homology, which are characteristics for the production of new SEs through recombination processes. Due to the epidemiological importance of SEs, their rapid assessment and detection have been crucial for food security and public health; for this reason, different methods of identification of SEs have been developed, such as liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), molecular methods, and whole-genome sequencing; providing the diagnosis of SEs and a better understanding of the occurrence, spread, and eradication of SEs. This review provides scientific information on the enterotoxins produced by S. aureus, such as structural characteristics, genetic organization, regulatory mechanisms, superantigen activity, mechanisms of action used by SEs at the time of interaction with the immune system, methods of detection of SEs, and recent biocontrol techniques used in food.-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition School of Food Engineering University of Campinas (UNICAMP)-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Production School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University-
Idioma: dc.languageen-
Relação: dc.relationPathogens-
???dc.source???: dc.sourceScopus-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectenterotoxins-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectgenes-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectstaphylococcal food poisoning-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectStaphylococcus aureus-
Título: dc.titleStaphylococcal Enterotoxins: Description and Importance in Food-
Tipo de arquivo: dc.typevídeo-
Aparece nas coleções:Repositório Institucional - Unesp

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