Environmental impacts of COVID-19 treatment: Toxicological evaluation of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in adult zebrafish

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Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)-
Autor(es): dc.contributorInstituto Federal Goiano-
Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversidade Federal de Goiás (UFG)-
Autor(es): dc.contributorFederal University of Ceará-
Autor(es): dc.contributorAssiut University-
Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-
Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversity of California-
Autor(es): dc.contributorUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)-
Autor(es): dc.creatorMendonça-Gomes, Juliana Moreira-
Autor(es): dc.creatorda Costa Araújo, Amanda Pereira-
Autor(es): dc.creatorda Luz, Thiarlen Marinho-
Autor(es): dc.creatorCharlie-Silva, Ives-
Autor(es): dc.creatorBraz, Helyson Lucas Bezerra-
Autor(es): dc.creatorJorge, Roberta Jeane Bezerra-
Autor(es): dc.creatorAhmed, Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim-
Autor(es): dc.creatorNóbrega, Rafael Henrique-
Autor(es): dc.creatorVogel, Christoph F.A.-
Autor(es): dc.creatorMalafaia, Guilherme-
Data de aceite: dc.date.accessioned2025-08-21T22:44:29Z-
Data de disponibilização: dc.date.available2025-08-21T22:44:29Z-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2022-04-29-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2022-04-29-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2021-10-10-
Fonte completa do material: dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148129-
Fonte completa do material: dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/231459-
Fonte: dc.identifier.urihttp://educapes.capes.gov.br/handle/11449/231459-
Descrição: dc.descriptionOne of the most impact issues in recent years refers to the COVID-19 pandemic, the consequences of which thousands of deaths recorded worldwide, are still inferior understood. Its impacts on the environment and aquatic biota constitute a fertile field of investigation. Thus, to predict the impact of the indiscriminate use of azithromycin (AZT) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in this pandemic context, we aim to assess their toxicological risks when isolated or in combination, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system. In summary, we observed that 72 h of exposure to AZT and HCQ (alone or in binary combination, both at 2.5 μg/L) induced the reduction of total protein levels, accompanied by increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species and nitrite, suggesting a REDOX imbalance and possible oxidative stress. Molecular docking analysis further supported this data by demonstrating a strong affinity of AZT and HCQ with their potential antioxidant targets (catalase and superoxide dismutase). In the protein-protein interaction network analysis, AZT showed a putative interaction with different cytochrome P450 molecules, while HCQ demonstrated interaction with caspase-3. The functional enrichment analysis also demonstrated diverse biological processes and molecular mechanisms related to the maintenance of REDOX homeostasis. Moreover, we also demonstrated an increase in the AChE activity followed by a reduction in the neuromasts of the head when zebrafish were exposed to the mixture AZT + HCQ. These data suggest a neurotoxic effect of the drugs. Altogether, our study demonstrated that short exposure to AZT, HCQ or their mixture induced physiological alterations in adult zebrafish. These effects can compromise the health of these animals, suggesting that the increase of AZT and HCQ due to COVID-19 pandemic can negatively impact freshwater ecosystems.-
Descrição: dc.descriptionConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartamento de Imunologia Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo-
Descrição: dc.descriptionLaboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas Instituto Federal Goiano-
Descrição: dc.descriptionPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais Universidade Federal de Goiás-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartamento de Farmacologia Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDrug Research and Development Center Federal University of Ceará-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará-
Descrição: dc.descriptionPlant Protection Department Faculty of Agriculture Assiut University-
Descrição: dc.descriptionReproductive and Molecular Biology Group Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University-
Descrição: dc.descriptionDepartment of Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment University of California-
Descrição: dc.descriptionPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Goiás-
Descrição: dc.descriptionPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-
Descrição: dc.descriptionPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado Instituto Federal Goiano-
Descrição: dc.descriptionReproductive and Molecular Biology Group Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University-
Descrição: dc.descriptionCNPq: 305639/2019-6-
Descrição: dc.descriptionCNPq: 426531/2018-3-
Idioma: dc.languageen-
Relação: dc.relationScience of the Total Environment-
???dc.source???: dc.sourceScopus-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectAntibiotic-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectAntimalarial-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectDanio rerio-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectEcotoxicity-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectSARs-Cov-2-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectWater pollution-
Título: dc.titleEnvironmental impacts of COVID-19 treatment: Toxicological evaluation of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in adult zebrafish-
Tipo de arquivo: dc.typelivro digital-
Aparece nas coleções:Repositório Institucional - Unesp

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