Determinants of fare evasion in urban bus lines: case study of a large database considering spatial components

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MetadadosDescriçãoIdioma
Autor(es): dc.creatorFreiria, Susana-
Autor(es): dc.creatorSousa, Nuno-
Data de aceite: dc.date.accessioned2025-08-22T11:48:06Z-
Data de disponibilização: dc.date.available2025-08-22T11:48:06Z-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2025-06-30-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2025-06-30-
Data de envio: dc.date.issued2025-06-18-
Fonte completa do material: dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/19967-
Fonte: dc.identifier.urihttp://educapes.capes.gov.br/handle/10400.2/19967-
Descrição: dc.descriptionThis article presents a large case study of fare evasion on bus lines in the city of Lisbon, Portugal, a common problem in dense urban areas. Focus is put on geographic factors, and an analysis is carried out using a generalized spatial two-step least-squares regression (GS2SLS). The large database, spanning one year of fare evasion reports, made it possible to segregate the analysis according to type of day (workday or weekend) and time period (rush hours, nighttime, etc.). Results show that indeed the type of day and time period lead to considerable differences between the seven models analyzed. It was found that the number of inspection actions is the strongest predictor of evasion, with geographic factors also playing a role in predicting fare evasion. Consideration of this spatial component made it possible to find moderate evidence for dissuasive effects of inspection actions in some models and of pockets of evasive tendencies in other models, which appear in the statistical error term. Interestingly, and contrary to other studies, age was found to have almost no influence on the propensity to evade fares. From a managerial point of view, this study highlights the importance of running inspection actions systematically and closely monitoring their outcomes. From a more theoretical standpoint, it suggests further research on geographic factors is needed to fully understand spatial patterns of evasion.-
Formato: dc.formatapplication/pdf-
Idioma: dc.languageen-
Publicador: dc.publisherMDPI-
Relação: dc.relationResearch Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment-
Relação: dc.relationInstitute for Systems Engineering and Computers at Coimbra - INESC Coimbra-
Relação: dc.relationUIDB/00308/2020-
Relação: dc.relationhttps://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/9/6/231-
Direitos: dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectFare evasion-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectPublic transport-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectGS2SLS regression-
Palavras-chave: dc.subjectUrban transport governance-
Título: dc.titleDeterminants of fare evasion in urban bus lines: case study of a large database considering spatial components-
Aparece nas coleções:Repositório Aberto - Universidade Aberta (Portugal)

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