DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NASAL FRACTURES: CHALLENGES AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological factors, diagnostic options and most effective therapeutic approaches in the management of nasal trauma, with a focus on preventing functional and aesthetic sequelae. Methodology: Bibliographic review carried out in the PubMed - MEDLINE database, using the search terms "nasal", "nose", "fracture" and their derivatives, combined with Boolean AND operators. We selected 12 articles published between 2010 and 2024 that directly addressed the proposed topic, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational and experimental studies. Review: Nasal fractures are highly prevalent, affecting mainly young men due to traffic accidents, assaults and sports activities. In children, falls are the main cause. Early diagnosis is essential, with emphasis on computed tomography (CT), considered the gold standard, and ultrasound. Treatment must be individualized, taking into account factors such as the type of anaesthesia, time of intervention and severity of the fracture. Local anesthesia is effective for less complex cases, while general anesthesia is preferable for severe fractures or in children. Emerging artificial intelligence technologies, such as deep learning (DL), have proven effective in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of minor fractures. Final considerations: A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of nasal fractures, integrating early diagnosis, appropriate interventions and effective preventive strategies. Modern diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound and artificial intelligence, have the potential to improve clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to validate these technologies and optimize care protocols, with a view to minimizing functional and aesthetic complications and improving patients' quality of life.