Impact of Chemotherapy and Radiation on Skin Health in Cancer Patients (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Solid organ cancers such as lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers are prevalent malignancies worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatments for these cancers, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies, have advanced considerably. However, these treatments often lead to various dermatological side effects that can profoundly impact patients' quality of life. Early detection and management of these side effects are crucial for maintaining patient well-being. Dermatologists play a vital role in this multidisciplinary care approach, diagnosing and treating skin-related toxicities caused by cancer therapies. OBJETIVE To provide a comprehensive overview of the dermatological side effects associated with solid organ cancer treatments. METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: “Oncologic Dermatology” AND “Chemotherapy Side Effects” OR “Radiation Dermatitis” OR “Targeted Therapy Skin Toxicities” OR “Patient-Centered Dermatologic Care”in the last years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The incidence of dermatological side effects in cancer patients is significant, with varying prevalence rates depending on the therapy type. Chemotherapy-induced rashes, radiation dermatitis, and hand-foot syndrome are common, affecting patients' daily activities and quality of life. The severity of these side effects ranges from mild erythema to life-threatening conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Effective management strategies include pharmacological interventions such as corticosteroids and antibiotics, along with preventive measures like patient education and skincare regimens. The psychosocial impact of these side effects is profound, necessitating comprehensive patient support and interdisciplinary care. CONCLUSION Managing dermatological side effects in cancer patients requires a multifaceted approach involving prevention, early detection, and effective treatment. Interdisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists and oncologists is essential for improving patient outcomes. Future research should focus on identifying biomarkers for predicting skin toxicities, developing new therapeutic approaches, and understanding the long-term impacts of cancer treatments on the skin. By prioritizing patient-centered care and comprehensive management, the adverse effects of cancer treatments on the skin can be minimized, enhancing the overall treatment experience and quality of life for cancer patients.