Laryngeal Mask Airway vs. Orotracheal Intubation: A Review of Safety and Efficacy in Elective Procedures (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The introduction outlines the historical development and significance of airway management in surgery, focusing on the pivotal roles of orotracheal tubes (OT) and laryngeal mask airways (LMA). It details the evolution and various models of LMAs, their mechanisms of action, and compares them with traditional OT methods. The introduction also discusses the indications, advantages, and potential complications associated with LMAs, highlighting their growing application in elective surgeries and the importance of proper training and economic benefits. OBJETIVE To evaluate the efficacy of LMAs compared to OT in elective surgeries. METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: “Airway Management” AND “Laryngeal Mask Airway” AND “Orotracheal Intubation” AND “Elective Surgery” OR “Anesthetic Practice” in the last years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results and discussion sections provide a detailed comparison of LMAs and OTs, demonstrating that LMAs offer quicker induction and emergence times, reduced hemodynamic disturbance, and lower incidences of postoperative complications such as sore throat and vocal cord damage. The analysis includes the success and failure rates, the impact on patient hemodynamics, and patient and anesthetist satisfaction. The discussion also addresses the economic benefits, the low incidence of complications such as pulmonary aspiration, and the reduced need for postoperative care. Technological advancements in LMAs and their role in different types of elective surgeries are also explored. CONCLUSION The conclusion emphasizes the numerous advantages of LMAs over traditional OTs in elective surgeries. It highlights the historical development, clinical benefits, and safety profile of LMAs. The conclusion also underscores the importance of proper training, the economic advantages, and the overall positive impact on patient outcomes and surgical efficiency. The review supports the growing preference for LMAs in suitable patients undergoing elective procedures.