ANALYSIS OF THE PROFILE OF CERVICAL CANCER NEOPLASMS IN PIAUÍ DURING THE PERIOD FROM 2019 TO 2023: DOES THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF NEOPLASMS FOLLOW THE SCREENING TARGETS? (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, cervical cancer, if non-melanoma skin cancers are excluded, ranks as the third most common neoplasm in women. According to the national cancer institute (INCA), for each year of the 2023-2025 period, 17,010 new cases of this neoplasm in question were estimated. Such data represent a gross incidence of 15.38 cases per hundred thousand women. As for the regions, cervical cancer is the second most common in the north and northeast regions. The mortality rate for this specific type of cancer is 4.5 deaths per 100,000 women. OBJECTIVES: To analyze cervical-vaginal histologies in the last 5 years and verify the epidemiological profile of malignant cervical neoplasms from CIN III. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of a quantitative nature that used secondary population data between the years 2019 and 2023 for the state of Piauí, collected from the IT department of the single health system (DATASUS). The variables selected for analysis were age, CIN 3 malignant neoplasms, microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, invasive squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma with lesion impossible to evaluate, adenocarcinoma in situ, invasive adenocarcinoma, other malignant neoplasms, race/color, number of colposcopies performed, anatomopathological examinations of the cervix and health regions that performed the most colposcopies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: Between 2019 and 2023, 14,393 colposcopies were performed in Piauí, detecting 191 cases of malignant neoplasms, with the majority in the age range recommended by the Ministry of Health. Intraepithelial neoplasia type 3 was the most frequent (127 cases), followed by invasive squamous cell carcinoma (32 cases). The peak of colposcopies occurred in 2019, with 4,407 exams. The Entre Rios health region led with 10,383 tests. Malignant neoplasms were distributed mainly among brown (69 cases) and yellow (64 cases) people, although mortality is higher in brown and white people. CONCLUSION: It appears that cervical cancer screening in Piauí has been widely implemented, with the majority of colposcopies performed in the recommended age group. The distribution of malignant neoplasms follows this pattern, concentrating in age groups between 25 and 64 years old. However, the incidence of malignancies outside this age group suggests the need for adjustments in screening policies, especially for women over 64 years of age. The considerable incidence of neoplasms in the elderly population and greater survival in yellow patients highlight the importance of individualized monitoring. Furthermore, regional variation in colposcopies indicates disparities in access to health services, requiring specific strategies to ensure equity in care in all regions of the state.