LEISHMANIASIS: A CASE REPORT IN THE INTERIOR OF SÃO PAULO (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease of great importance in global public health, more than 1 billion people live in endemic areas at risk of infection around the world. Such a disease is caused by intracellular protozoa from the family Trypanosomatidae and genus Leishmania; where the literature describes about 20 species of Leishmania, the variety of species is related the many different manifestations clinics. To the Leishmaniasis are divided into two large groups: visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (LT). The integumentary form of the disease is the most common clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis and can present in three different forms: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study aims to carry out a case report of a female patient, 22 years old, without comorbidities, resident in the city of Franca-SP, referred to the outpatient clinic school of Infectious Diseases due to a cat scratch, causing a painful and itchy ulcerated lesion on the left lower limb, measuring approximately 2.5 cm, in a circular shape. Due to the appearance of the lesion and the anamnesis collected, the initial clinical suspicion was Cat Scratch Disease, Sporotrichos is and Leishmaniasis, therefore, requests were made. serologies for diagnostic investigation and compulsory notification. After requesting the tests, they were subsequently evaluated, with results of reactive IgM and non-reactive IgG for Leishmaniasis. Therefore, treatment for Leishmaniasis was started and a biopsy of the lesion was requested. The work presents the evolution of the lesions, the diagnostic criteria that included clinical and epidemiological data, in addition to monitoring the patient after treatment and resolution of the condition. A brief review of the relevant literature was carried out to better understand the subject. The importance of the report is due to the fact that it is an unusual case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region, that despite the increase in the number of cases and expansion of their geographic occurrence in the country, there is a lack of knowledge on the part of the population and health services regarding the diagnosis. Furthermore, it is essential to control the vectors and the natural history of the disease, so that it is possible to promote health and prevent leishmaniasis, points which are essential in primary care.