Stigma and Acceptance: Addressing the Social Dimensions of Congenital Clubfoot in Childhood (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Introduction Congenital Clubfoot (CC) is a complex orthopedic anomaly characterized by deformities in the foot at birth such as equinovarus, which may occur in isolation or alongside other congenital conditions. Although the exact etiology is not fully understood, genetic, environmental, and mechanical factors significantly contribute to its development. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent future complications and enable functional recovery of the affected foot, with the Ponseti method emerging as an effective strategy. Epidemiological studies reveal variations in the prevalence of CC, emphasizing the need for early detection and proper therapeutic interventions to enhance long-term outcomes. Moreover, the association between CC and social issues, including stigma and social interactions, highlights the need for holistic approaches that encourage social inclusion and emotional support for affected children. Objectives To analyze and describe the primary social aspects and management of CC in the last decade. Methods This is a narrative review that examined the principal social and management aspects of CC, including studies from databases such as MEDLINE – PubMed, COCHRANE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar over the past ten years. Results and Discussion Understanding the risk factors associated with CC is crucial for implementing effective prevention and screening measures, which include family history of the disease and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Early diagnosis is pivotal to start appropriate treatment and prevent future complications, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to ensure an accurate treatment plan for each patient. Both prolonged treatment and untreated CC can significantly impact the psychosocial well-being of affected children, underscoring the importance of psychosocial support during treatment. The stigma associated with CC can lead to discrimination and social exclusion, making it crucial to implement psychosocial intervention strategies to promote inclusion and acceptance of these children. Furthermore, awareness programs and public education are essential to increase understanding of CC, reduce stigma, and foster a culture of inclusion and support. Conclusion The importance of early identification, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of CC is critical for improving the life quality of affected children. There is a need for a multidisciplinary approach that considers not only the medical aspects but also the psychosocial aspects, including the stigma associated with the condition. Additionally, the significance of awareness programs and public education to enhance understanding of CC and promote the inclusion of affected children in society is emphasized.