Innovative Techniques and Multidisciplinary Approaches in the Treatment of Hip Dysplasia: A Comprehensive Perspective on Promoting Musculoskeletal Health (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hip dysplasia (CHD) is a complex musculoskeletal condition involving abnormal development of the hip joint during fetal growth and infancy. While its exact cause remains unclear. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to severe impairment. Early detection, often through routine screening during infancy, is crucial for effective management. Despite advancements, challenges persist in universal screening and standardizing management protocols. CHD prevalence varies across populations, with females and certain ethnic groups being more affected. Breech presentation and positive family history are established risk factors. OBJETIVE: Analyze and describe the main aspects of the multifaceted and multidisciplinary treatment of hip dysplasia in the last years. METHODS: This narrative review examines recent advancements in the management of hip dysplasia within the context of pediatric orthopedics and musculoskeletal health. Given its narrative nature, this study does not pose any risks. The review encompassed studies retrieved from prominent databases, including MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the literature on this topic. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The surgical management of hip dysplasia has evolved to optimize patient outcomes and preserve joint function through techniques such as arthroscopic procedures, minimally invasive approaches, and joint preservation strategies, aiming to minimize tissue trauma and facilitate early rehabilitation. Multidisciplinary collaboration among orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals is crucial for delivering comprehensive care tailored to individual patient needs, supported by innovative imaging modalities like MRI, CT, and 3D modeling techniques for precise diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. Non-surgical interventions, regenerative medicine technologies, patient-specific factors, and patient education are pivotal in symptom management, functional optimization, and empowering patients to actively participate in their care. Despite advancements, unresolved questions persist, necessitating further research to optimize treatment strategies and enhance patient-centered care, including considerations of biomechanical principles, preoperative planning techniques, long-term durability of surgical interventions, socio-economic factors, and psychosocial impact. Novel rehabilitation techniques, genetic screening, and cost-effectiveness analyses offer promising avenues for improving outcomes and resource allocation in hip dysplasia management. CONCLUSION: Advancements in surgical techniques, including arthroscopic procedures and joint preservation strategies, are revolutionizing hip dysplasia treatment, aiming to optimize outcomes and preserve joint function. Multidisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals is essential for tailored patient care, integrating innovative imaging modalities for precise diagnosis and monitoring. Non-surgical interventions, such as bracing and physical therapy, complement surgical approaches, while regenerative medicine holds promise for tissue repair. Comprehensive preoperative planning and perioperative interventions play crucial roles in optimizing surgical outcomes and enhancing postoperative recovery, ensuring holistic care for individuals with hip dysplasia. This comprehensive approach underscores the importance of addressing both physiological and psychosocial aspects in promoting musculoskeletal health and improving patient outcomes.