Seeing Through Graves' Ophthalmopathy: Treatment Efficacy and Quality of Life Enhancement (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Graves' ophthalmopathy, associated with Graves' disease, leads to eye problems like bulging and redness, significantly impacting life quality. It's linked to systemic issues like hyperthyroidism, with varied prevalence globally, affecting both physical and psychological well-being. Effective management is key to improving patients' overall quality of life. OBJETIVE Analyze and describe the main aspects treatment efficacy and quality of life enhancement in pacients with graves' ophthalmopathy of the last years. METHODS This is a narrative review, included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using the following descriptors: “Orbitopathy” AND “Graves' disease” AND “Quality of life“ AND “Treatment”. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Graves' orbitopathy is a complex condition primarily driven by the unique responses of orbital fibroblasts to immune stimuli, leading to varied symptoms due to their potential to become different cell types. Key in diagnosis and management is the Clinical Activity Score and treatments range from traditional corticosteroids to innovative biologic agents like rituximab, emphasizing the importance of personalized, patient-centered approaches. Despite advancements, the disconnection between thyroid function and orbitopathy progression highlights the need for ongoing research and comprehensive treatment strategies. This calls for a multidisciplinary approach to address both the physical symptoms and the overall quality of life for patients, underscoring the necessity for continuous exploration of therapeutic options and patient care practices to better manage this challenging ophthalmic condition. CONCLUSION Graves' orbitopathy is a multifaceted condition requiring personalized, multidisciplinary management approaches that extend beyond traditional treatments like corticosteroids. Advancements in biologic therapies offer new hope, yet the separation between thyroid management and ocular symptoms remains a significant challenge. Future strategies should emphasize a holistic approach, focusing on both physical health and quality of life, while continuous research is crucial for addressing unresolved clinical issues and refining treatment methodologies. The ultimate goal is to enhance patient care through tailored treatments, integrating both medical and psychosocial support for comprehensive patient well-being.