RISK FACTORS RELATED TO PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH MECHANICAL VENTILATION (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Goal: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) that occurs 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation and institution of invasive mechanical ventilation and is considered one of the most fearful adverse effects of intensive care. Thus, the study aims to identify risk factors related to this pathology in the literature. Methods: This is a literature review whose search took place in the databases Scielo, PubMed, ``Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia`` (JBP), `Revista Brasileira de Clínica Médica``, ``Revista Baiana de Enfermagem``, ``Universidade Federal de Pernambuco``, ``Revista Cathedral``, ``Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária`` (Anvisa), scientific journal Faema, Up to date and the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology, to gather and synthesize publications and subsequently critically evaluate the risk factors for pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. The inclusion criteria were articles published between 2006 and 2023, in Portuguese, English and Spanish and that addressed the proposed subject. Duplicate articles that were not available in full and that did not address the proposed topic were excluded. This way, 13 materials were selected to prepare the work. Results: The main risk factors associated with the development of VAP are previous respiratory diseases, trauma, age, previous and inadequate use of antibiotics, exposure to mechanical ventilators, prolonged use of MV, lack of patient oral hygiene, lack of hand hygiene of the professional and incorrect positioning in the bed. Conclusion: The risk factors identified need to be disseminated to all professionals in order to be capable of direct actions with a short-term impact on the prevention and effective control of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation.