INJURIES CAUSED BY RODENTICIDE INTOXICATION IN A CANINE: CLINICAL CASE REPORT (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Anticoagulant rodenticides are highly toxic compounds that are used to control rodent plagues, but they can also endanger the health of pet animals such as dogs (Vivancos Cuadros, MD, & Guillén Monzón, N. 2015). This is mainly due to the fact that many of these animals can be exposed to snakes accidentally, or by ingestion of poisoned animals. (Stevers & Palau, 2002).

Anticoagulant rodenticides are agents designed specifically for the elimination of rodents (although they can affect any mammal) by inducing coagulopathy by inhibiting the “recycling” of vitamin K (Gómez Baute et al., 2011). Many animals exposed to toxic doses of these rodenticides remain asymptomatic until the exhaustion of active coagulation factors, which is why clinical signs are not observed until 5 months. post-ingestion day. In the case of pets, these are most commonly animals that live in rural areas, plots, hunting dogs or lactating dogs of intoxicated females (Talcott & Murphy, 2013). The most frequent clinical signs are: dysnea, lethargy, coughing, anorexia, apathy, depression, pallor of mucous membranes and weak pulse. In addition to other signs, it is not common, but is the result of a severe lack of coagulation such as tachycardia, pulmonary edema, pleural and pericardial effusion, spontaneous hemorrhages due to encías and saliva, hematomas in bone projections, melena, hematuria, hematochecia, ecchymosis, cojera, paralysis (epidural or subdural hemorrhage), upper airway obstruction, convulsions (cerebral hemorrhage), acute collapse (general hemorrhage). (Sheafor & Couto, 1999; Waddell, et al., 2013). A male canine patient (enteral) Chihuahua cross aged 2 years old weighing 3.5 kg was remitted. He presents himself for consultation with hypersalivation, dysnea and temblor; the patient comes from a rural area of the Community of San Ramón, Guadalupe, Zac., México.