TREATMENT WITH OPIOIDS IN NEONATAL ABSTINENCE SYNDROME (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a complex condition that affects neonates exposed to opioids during pregnancy. 1,196 articles were analyzed in databases, resulting in 22 articles selected following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were selected from a 10-year period, from 2013 to 2023. The use of opioids by pregnant women is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, due to the passage of these substances through the placenta, leading to dependence fetal physics. Studies have demonstrated that buprenorphine pharmacotherapy in pregnant women with opioid use disorder is associated with better maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with untreated disorder. Buprenorphine, compared to methadone, has shown comparable maternal efficacy and less physiologic suppression of fetal heart rate, resulting in less severe neonatal abstinence syndrome. Methadone is widely prescribed for the treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy due to its relative safety and effectiveness. The management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome involves non-pharmacological support measures, followed, in some cases, by pharmacological therapy. The relationship between maternal dose of buprenorphine or methadone and the incidence or severity of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome is inconsistent in some studies. The lack of prospective studies on the nutritional management of infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome has led to a variety of treatment approaches. In summary, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome is a complex condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. Understanding the factors that influence Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and developing evidence-based treatment strategies are crucial to improving neonatal outcomes in infants exposed to opioids during pregnancy.