MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS AND HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE: EXPLORING THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE MICROBIOME AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Microbial dysbiosis, characterized by imbalances in the composition and function of the human microbiota, has emerged as a critical factor influencing various systemic diseases, particularly those related to cardiovascular health. The human microbiota, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms residing throughout the body, actively contributes to crucial physiological processes, including nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and protection against pathogens. Dysbiosis, often implicated in conditions such as obesity, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases, disrupts this delicate equilibrium. OBJETIVE: To analyze and describe the main aspects microbial dysbiosis in hypertensive disease of the last 10 years. METHODS: This review has included studies available in MEDLINE–PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) databases. The descriptor used was “dysbiosis” AND “blood pressure”. The use of the above descriptor helped to identify studies related to the use of dysbiosis and its effects. RESULTS: At the end of the selection process, 5 articles involving 479 subjects were included. The age range of subjects was 56 years. DISCUSSION: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, major microbial phyla, play essential roles in metabolic homeostasis, with their balance serving as a potential biomarker for metabolic health. Specific microbial genera, such as Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium, have been associated with health benefits, emphasizing the potential for targeted interventions. Recent research has unveiled a significant connection between the intestinal microbiota and blood pressure regulation, with microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids and modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system influencing hypertension. This comprehensive review explores the intricate interplay between microbial dysbiosis and hypertensive disease over the past decade, shedding light on the potential effects both beneficial and harmful of dysbiosis on human arterial pressure. The focused question addresses the impact of dysbiosis on blood pressure, and the selected studies employing human interventional designs offer valuable insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and hypertensive conditions. CONCLUSION: Various studies elucidate the complex relationship between gut microbiota and physiological changes, shedding light on connections to metabolic outcomes. Lee et al. found significant weight reductions linked to changes in gut bacteria. Gomez et al. noted associations between microbiota, blood pressure, and butyrate production in obese pregnant women. Xue et al. highlighted dietary fiber's role in improving blood pressure. Su et al.'s research proposed controlling glucose and blood pressure through diet and microbiota transplantation, while Jing et al. identified sex-specific microbiota associations in hypertension, suggesting potential interventions for metabolic conditions.