OBESITY AND CHALLENGES OF BARIATRIC SURGERY (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Obesity is included in the group of non-communicable diseases, and its prevalence is increasing extensively, reaching epidemic proportions. more than 1 billion adults are overweight and of these more than 300 million are obese, this being the main component for chronic and limiting diseases. In developed countries, such as the United States of America (USA), 73% of the population is obese, with obesity-related mortality reaching 300 thousand cases per year. The global obesity epidemic reflects the social, economic and cultural problems currently faced by developing or recently industrialized countries, as well as by ethnic minorities in disadvantaged situations in developed countries. Obesity is a complex disease with serious social and psychological consequences, which affects all ages and social groups. METHOD: This is a narrative review of the literature, which aims to describe obesity, showing its causes and complications, and when to recommend bariatric surgery, from a theoretical point of view. DISCUSSION: Among obese patients, the female sex stands out, the predominance of patients of this sex seems to indicate that there was a greater demand for treatment among women, however, it may reflect the search for women with domestic activities, who had greater availability of time for treatment (Porto MCV et al 2002). Regarding age, the data is similar to other studies. Bariatric surgery, nowadays, is the most effective treatment for grade III obesity and has been expanding exponentially, in line with this global epidemic, and to date, of the patients undergoing this surgery, only 1% have the effects. of this therapy (weight loss) reversed. Periodic multidisciplinary monitoring in the post-operative period of bariatric surgery has a significant impact on weight loss, with clinical monitoring of the patient and psychological support. CONCLUSION: The treatment of grade III obesity, through an interdisciplinary team, results in a more effective treatment, with the entire team speaking the same language to the patient, highlighting that the success of the treatment depends mainly on the patient's commitment. Diet and physical exercise have been shown to be ineffective over a long period of treatment. More than 90% of people who have tried to lose weight regain it in specialized clinics where there is a substantial loss of weight, after stopping treatment the weight is regained.