COMPLICATIONS IN THE POST-OPERATIVE KIDNEY TRANSPLANT (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the consequent post-surgical complications of kidney transplantation, addressing clinical and epidemiological aspects, aiming to improve the clinical and surgical approach by applying effective care that has a positive impact on patients' quality of life. Methods: This article consists of a literature review based on scientific studies published from 2010 to 2019 through data searches on the Scielo, Google Scholar, PebMed Portal, Revista Uningá, Faculty of Medicine of ``Universidade de Coimbra`` and Brazilian Transplant Association of Organs. The search keywords were: Post-operative complications and kidney transplant. Results: Chronic renal failure is defined as the loss of renal function, which is progressive and irreversible, resulting in poor renal filtration that will retain urea and other nitrogenous products from the blood that would have to be degraded. Treatment, to improve the patient's prognosis, consists of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), which can be performed in three ways: Hemodialysis, dialysis and kidney transplant. When dealing with kidney transplantation, it is observed that many patients who undergo it are successful, while others demonstrate complications 4. The main complications described in the literature vary: Initial graft dysfunction, rejection, various infections, which can be bacterial, viral or fungal, complications metabolic, cardiovascular and bone 5. A 2013 study showed that the main complications were rejection, in 32.1% of patients, and infection, in 29.2%. Bacterial infections are the main cause of respiratory and urinary infections, common in the first month - followed by viral and fungal infections - after this period, between the first and sixth months, viral infections become more common when compared to bacterial ones, especially Cytomegalovirus. Another study, from 2010, demonstrated that the most prevalent infectious complications were urinary tract infection (31.3%), cytomegalovirus infections (12%), surgical incision infection (10.3%), herpes virus infection (9 .1%), lung infection (5.2%) and bloodstream infection (4.3%). Conclusion: The best prognosis for kidney failure was observed with Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), which can be performed in three ways, including kidney transplantation. While many patients exposed to kidney transplantation are successful, some still experience complications, the main ones being rejection and infection, which can have different etiologies. Therefore, the relevance of this topic for the search for a better quality of life for patients is evident.