MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE METHODS OF HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate recent scientific evidence on minimally invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring methods, highlighting their effectiveness, precision and clinical applicability. Methodology: The searches were carried out by searching the PubMed Central (PMC) database. The search terms were used in combination with the Boolean term “AND” through the following search strategy: ((hemodynamic monitoring) AND ((noninvasive) OR (noninvasive) OR (minimally invasive)). A total of 23 were selected articles to compose the present study, based on the PVO strategy (Population, Variables and Outcome). Discussion: Various minimally invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring techniques are discussed. Among them, Bioimpedance and Thoracic Bioreactance evaluate changes in thoracic blood volume. Photoplethysmography and Volume Clamp are optical methods for monitoring blood pressure. The ClearSight System provides continuous measurements of blood pressure and cardiac output, while ultrasound-based methods such as POCUS provide real-time data on several hemodynamic variables. Techniques such as PiCCO and PhysioFlow®Q-LinkTM use mathematical models and bioimpedance to assess cardiac output and cardiac function. Furthermore, electrocardiographic monitoring combined with infrared spectroscopy and assessment of capillary refill time provide additional insights into circulatory efficiency. These technologies represent significant advances, providing accurate monitoring with less risk to patients. Final considerations: It is noteworthy that non-invasive or minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring treatments influence the prognosis of patients as they are a less aggressive approach, although further studies and technical developments are still needed to adequately replace traditional methods.