PAIN CONTROL AFTER TRAUMATOLOGICAL OPERATION: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Pain has always been one of man's biggest concerns, however, despite the evolution of science, there are still several barriers to its adequate treatment, including a lack of knowledge on the part of the medical team about the mechanism of the different drugs and techniques used. In this article, we talk about the importance of adequate postoperative analgesia, considering the main drugs and techniques used to control pain, their mechanisms of action, dosages, routes of administration and side effects, as well as the importance of integration of the entire team involved. in patient care for treatment success. METHODOLOGY: This is a literature review, of a narrative type, which aims to describe the types of post-operative treatments in trauma surgery and their respective indications, from a theoretical point of view, through materials that have already been published on the topic in question. question, through analysis and interpretation of the literature. The inclusion criteria were: articles in Portuguese and English; published between 2019 and 2023 and which addressed the themes proposed for this research, review-type studies made available in full. The review was carried out from August to December 2023, through searches in the databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), National Institutes of Health's Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: Pain is a frequent phenomenon in the postoperative period and can result in suffering and unnecessary risks for the patient. Studies demonstrate inadequate pain relief after surgery and its relationship with failures in assessment and lack of knowledge about analgesic methods. The article discusses postoperative pain management that includes the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, opioids, cognitive-behavioral interventions and high technology such as epidural catheters and patient-controlled analgesia systems. Furthermore, adequate pain control includes discussion of ethical and economic aspects. COCLUSION: Among the techniques used, multimodal therapy with analgesics with the use of active ingredients with different mechanisms of action applied systemically, regionally or locally prevails in effectiveness, associated with the individualization of the POD approach aiming for better results in the short and long term.