IMMUNE RESPONSE IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONIQUE (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by Schistosoma Mansoni, a flatworm that needs two hosts to perpetuate the cycle. This way, it is capable of generating a large inflammatory response in the body, leading to dangerous signs and symptoms that can evolve into a chronic phase or even the death of the infected patient. In this sense, this systematic review aims to understand the way in which the immune system reacts against the disease, and the associated clinical manifestations. Method: A bibliographic review of the “google academic” and “virtual health library” databases was carried out using 18 literatures in the construction of the article.

Discussion: The pathology caused by Schistosoma Mansoni is mainly characterized by a sequence of chronic lesions formed around the vessels. Throughout the parasite's cycle, due to morphological changes, the lesions tend to worsen, mainly because they are associated with evasion mechanisms against the host's immune system, such as the release of proteases and the formation of immune complexes. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the parasite, to better understand the risk factors, mechanism of action, and harm to the host. Conclusion: Given the analyzes carried out, it was possible to observe that schistosomiasis has a very specific epidemiology, affecting mainly regions with low socioeconomic conditions, and together with this context, it was analyzed that having knowledge about the parasite cycle is of great importance to recognize the hosts, stage of the disease and associated clinical manifestations. Thus, it was confirmed that trying to reduce risk zones is essential, but while this is not possible, it is up to health professionals to recognize the signs and symptoms of the disease, to start treatment as soon as possible and have a better prognosis for the infected patient.