CONTRAST MEDIUM EXTRAVASATION AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERN: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Contrast medium extravasation (CME) refers to the leakage of intravenous administration into adjacent soft tissues, which may cause tissue injury or destruction. This study aims to evaluate risk factors, conduct and post-event evolution. An epidemiological study of CME cases was carried out in a public health unit in Goiás, Brazil, and their evolution. The indicator parameterization sheets were evaluated, carried out every month by the hospital health team, in the period between 02/01/2022 and 12/31/2022, in which there is a description of the number of exams performed, the number of CME, in addition to the profile of affected patients. A total of 4,078 contrast exams were performed, 1,646 of which were computed tomography (CT) with the administration of non-ionic, low-osmolality iodinated contrast (Ioexol) and 2,432 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with the administration of non-ionic, linear gadolinium contrast (gadodiamide). There were twelve extravasations on CT and one on MRI (0.3% of exams performed). Of these thirteen patients, twelve had at least one risk factor for CME, being those related to the patient: age over 60 years (30.7%), hospitalized (23%), female sex (46.1%) and general pathologies (69.2%), highlighting difficult-to-control systemic arterial hypertension, stroke, Crohn's disease, oncological disease, Fahr's disease and deep vein thrombosis. The risk factor for CME directly related to the technique was automatic injection in 100% of CT cases. The case of the only patient without known risk factors for CME encouraged training for the entire healthcare team involved. The cases were followed up without any reports of unfavorable evolution. To know the prevalence and nature of CME cases allows the evaluation of the institutional epidemiological profile, in addition to improving the training of the health team.