ADVANCES IN THE LAPAROSCOPIC SURGICAL APPROACH IN UROLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW (Atena Editora)

Abstract

The laparoscopic surgical approach in urology has undergone significant transformations in recent decades, with the advent of robotic technology and constant improvements in laparoscopic techniques. This integrative review article aims to analyze and synthesize the most recent evidence related to advances in this area, highlighting the evolution of surgical techniques, associated complications and future perspectives. Studies published from 2015 to 2023, related to laparoscopic surgery in urology, were reviewed. The descriptors used were laparoscopic surgery, urology, robotic surgical procedures and postoperative complications. Relevant references were selected that addressed laparoscopic techniques, robotic surgery, complications and innovations in the area. Analysis of the selected studies reveals substantial advances in laparoscopic surgical techniques, with positive evidence regarding their efficacy and safety. Recent studies have highlighted the superiority of laparoscopy over open surgery in terms of oncological outcomes and postoperative recovery. Furthermore, single-port robotic laparoscopy has shown potential to further reduce perioperative morbidity. With regard to complications, analyzes highlighted low complication rates associated with robotic surgery, strengthening the safety of this approach. Furthermore, some studies have emphasized the importance of a converted approach during minimally invasive nephroureterectomy. The integrative review of advances in the laparoscopic surgical approach in urology reveals a constant and positive evolution in this field. Laparoscopy and robotic surgery are providing safe and effective surgical outcomes, with increasing evidence of improved oncological outcomes and lower perioperative morbidity. While there is still room for continued improvement and innovation, recent advances indicate a promising future for minimally invasive urological surgery.