COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY (LAPAROSCOPIC AND ROBOTIC) AND OPEN SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate and compare the results of minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic and robotic) and open surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer in adult patients, in order to determine which approach is more effective in terms of safety, oncological effectiveness and post recovery time. -operative. Methodology: A literature review was carried out through searches in the PubMed and SciELO databases. 1423 articles were found, of which 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected to compose the analysis. Result: The different types of studies analyzed indicate that there are no significant differences between minimally invasive surgical approaches (laparoscopic and robotic) and open surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer, when considering criteria such as overall and disease-free survival rate. Likewise, both techniques do not present significant differences in relation to positive resection margins. However, there were studies with discordant results regarding the number of positive lymph nodes, where one of them found no differences, while another showed a higher success rate in laparoscopic surgery. Minimally invasive surgery results in lower rates of postoperative complications, reduced length of stay, earlier return of bowel function, less impact on the immune system, and shorter recovery time compared to open surgery, although it is more expensive and has a prolonged surgical time. In addition, minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic techniques were compared, with laparoscopy showing a lower incidence of incisional hernia, and robotics showing better preservation of anorectal function. However, both minimally invasive techniques did not show significant differences regarding the overall survival rate. Conclusion: Laparotomy is a highly invasive technique and presents a high risk of postoperative complications. New less invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy and robotics, have shown significant results in comparison and have improved the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.