IMPORTANCE OF INITIAL RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT IN ORBITAL TRAUMA: A LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Purpose: To discuss the initial management of orbital trauma and its impact on possible complications, seeking to obtain a better prognosis at a functional and structural level. Methods: Narrative Bibliographic Review carried out between October and November 2022, through searches in the Scielo and PubMed databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 were selected to compose the collection of this study.

Review: Orbital fractures correspond to 16% of fractures that affect the face, and their pathogenesis varies according to the trauma mechanism and resulting forces. The damage encompasses bone structures, soft tissues and neurovascular structures, and the lesions may be isolated, of extensive pattern or be part of the greater zygomaticomaxillary complex, which occurs most of the time. For the identification of ocular and/or neurological lesions, clinical and radiological evaluation of the patients is necessary, and they may be referred to an ophthalmologist and neurologist, according to the affected structure. The transconjunctival approach is considered an option in the management of fractures of the orbitomaxillomalar complex, with a high success rate. Primary repair, using reconstructive principles, presented relevant aesthetic and functional results for victims of orbital trauma. Final considerations: The initial management of orbital trauma has an impact on the reduction of complications and outcomes when properly applied. The evaluation of orbital and periorbital structures in trauma depends on their recognition and immediate decision making to avoid negligence.