Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: state of the art (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Hypertension in childhood and adolescence is a major concern, due to the increasing prevalence and evidence that suggests that adult hypertension has its genesis in childhood. In 2015, high blood pressure was the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and kidney disease and the largest contributor to global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Diagnosing high blood pressure in children and adolescents remains challenging due to high rates of false high blood pressure readings at a single visit despite clear guidelines. Our aim is to provide an overview of the state of the art on primary-cause arterial hypertension in children and adolescents, highlighting the definition, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. This is an integrated bibliographic review of the scientific production on arterial hypertension in children and adolescents. The search for articles was carried out with the terms ‶Hypertension″, ‶Children″ and ‶Adolescents″ in English and Portuguese, in the VHL databases, with the following search details: (mh:("Hypertension")) AND children AND adolescents AND ( db:("MEDLINE" OR "BINACIS" OR "LILACS" OR "IBECS" OR "CUMED" OR "MedCarib") AND mj:("Hypertension") AND type_of_study:("systematic_reviews" OR "prevalence_studies" OR " diagnostic_studies") AND la:("en" OR "pt")) AND (year_cluster:[2017 TO 2022]). The Google Academic and Pubmed databases were used in parallel, and 36 articles published from 2017 to 2022 were selected. growth and development, lifestyle changes and results in hypertension in the first two decades of life.