INTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE HEART, BASEMENT VESSELS AND TYPES OF CIRCULATION: LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The heart is one of the most important and complex structures in the human body. From it, other structures and organs are nourished with oxygen, for example. In this context, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules and capillaries contribute to this mechanism for the exit of oxygen-rich blood from the heart and the return of the same blood, but poor in O2, which enters the right ventricle and, consequently, is pumped to the pulmonary arteries, leading to the lungs. This way, venous blood travels through capillaries and arterioles to perform hematosis and become oxygenated again. OBJECTIVES: Address the internal morphological issues of the heart, as well as understand the importance of the basal vessels and the types of circulation. METHODS: This is an integrative literature review study based on the guiding question: “What are the internal morphological structures of the heart?”; “What is the relationship of the basal vessels with the types of circulation?”. The descriptors: “heart”, “morphology”, “functionality” and “anatomy” were used to locate the articles in the databases. Virtual and physical books were included, as well as articles in Portuguese and English published from 2014-2021 and letter-type studies were excluded. The snowball strategy was used to capture new evidence.

DISCUSSION: The heart is a striated skeletal muscle whose main function is to contract involuntarily and rhythmically, this is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and life. Its structures are directly linked to a synchrony of work, taking blood throughout the body. Although, pathologies such as Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and heart failure can compromise the proper functioning of the heart, vessels and other structures. CONCLUSION: This way, the importance and the need for the cardiac structure to function in balance with this entire network of base and circulation vessels is understood.