EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CASES OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS, IN PARTICULAR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is amore frequent neurodegenerative pathologyassociated with age, whose cognitive andneuropsychiatric manifestations result inprogressive disability and incapacitation. Itsdevelopment is associated with functionalchanges in neurotransmitters, such asacetylcholine, related to memory, and theaccumulation of B-amyloid protein. ADhappens when the brain tries to protect itselffrom three threats: inflammation (infection,foodorothers); lack of nutrients, hormonesand other molecules that support brainactions; and toxic substances like metals andbiotoxins. Thus, the development of type IIdiabetes mellitus (DMII), plays an importantrole for the emergence of neurologicaldysfunctions that are negative related toAD, since after the insulin molecules dotheir due work and decrease glucose, thebody needs break down insulin in someway in order to prevent blood glucose fromfalling. With that, through the enzyme IDE(insulin degradation enzyme), responsible fordegrading the B-amyloidin protein fragmentsin the sticky plates that destroy the synapses,in an attempt to prevent the fall of glucose.However, when IDE breaks down insulinbut fails to break down amyloid at the sametime, it results in elevated insulin levels,which increase the risk of AD. Objectives:To quantify the number ofindividuals withAlzheimer’s disease registered in the PublicHealth Network of the city of Rio Claro andrelate it to the presence of DM II. Methods:Retrospective study, based on a data base thatcontemplates 38 registrations of both sexes inthe age group from 60 to 90 years old, in theperiod of 3 years (2016-2019). The followinginformation was extracted: age; confirmeddiagnosis time; presence of DM II and averagediagnosis time of DM II. Results: Expressedon average for the following variables: ageof 88. 5 years, time of diagnosis of 4 years,with all patients who developed AD in bothsexes having DM II, with an average timeof 11 years. Conclusion: Therefore, there isa close relationship between the on set ofAD inindividuals already with metabolicdisease, especially DMII, in particular, witha 7-year period of onset of DM II, duetothe inflammatory process associated witha metabolic disorder, in which cells reducetheir functioning promoting an in crease ininflammatory markers, like: cytokine.