THE CORRELATION BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND SCHIZOPHRENIA (Atena Editora)

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people globally, and is characterized by positive, negative symptoms, disorganization, neurocognitive deficits and social impairment. Its etiology involves genetic, neurobiological and environmental factors, with emphasis on dopaminergic dysfunction and alterations in neurodevelopment. Diagnosis is based on DSM-5 criteria, and treatment involves the use of antipsychotics and psychosocial interventions. However, challenges such as cognitive deficits persist, requiring new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies indicate that the gut microbiota may play a relevant role in schizophrenia, due to its influence on the gut-brain axis. Patients with the disease show alterations in microbial composition and elevated inflammatory markers, suggesting a possible impact on the regulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA. In addition, intestinal dysbiosis can aggravate psychiatric symptoms, reinforcing the need for strategies aimed at restoring the balance of the microbiota. In light of this, research has explored the potential of using prebiotics, probiotics and nutritional interventions as complementary therapies for schizophrenia. These approaches can modulate the microbiota and reduce inflammatory processes, contributing to improvements in the clinical picture. Thus, understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and schizophrenia can open up new perspectives for more effective treatments, highlighting the importance of an integrative approach to managing the disease.